Abolish
Columbus Day
Abolish honoring murder, slavery, rape, torture,
and genocide in our communities.
"What we committed in the Indies ("New World") stands out among the most unpardonable offenses ever committed against
God and mankind, and this trade as one of the most unjust, evil, and cruel among them."
– Bartolome De las Casas (Catholic Bishop and first-hand witness)
Quote collection
(Columbus's primary motivation)
"In the province of Cicao on Haiti, where [Columbus] and his men imagined huge gold fields to exist,
they ordered all persons fourteen years or older to collect a certain quantity of gold every three months.
When they brought it, they were given copper tokens to hang around their necks. Indians found without
a copper token had their hands cut off and bled to death."
– People's History of the United States
Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
"It seems to me that they value copper more than gold."
Pg 150 Dr Chanca.
"For many had come on this voyage with the idea that the moment they landed they would load themselves with Gold and would immediately be rich men and as things had not succeeded for them according to their hopes they were discontented.
Pg 159 Hernando Colon (Christopher Columbus's son)
"Many of them wearing pieces of gold round their necks, and some with pearls tied round their arms, I was delighted by this last sight, and tried to discover where they found these pearls."
Pg 213 Christopher Columbus.
"When I discovered the Indies I said that they were richest domain in the whole world in respect of gold, pearls, precious stones, spices, and trade and markets, and because all these things were not produced at once I was subjected to abuse. Because of this ill treatment I now report nothing except that which I learnt from the Natives of the land. One thing I dare to say, since there are so many witnesses to it, and this is the land of Veragua I saw more evidences of gold in the first two days than in four years in Hispaniola."
Pg 299 Christopher Columbus.
"Gold is most excellent, Gold constitutes treasure, and anyone who has it can do whatever he likes in the world. With it he can succeed in bringing souls to paradise."
Pg 300 Christopher Columbus
Source:
The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America,1492-1493 (American Exploration & Travel Series, Vol 70) By Christopher Columbus Translated by Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley
Published by University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London
Oct 13 1492
"I was attentive and labored to find out if there was any Gold; and I saw that some of them wore a little piece hung in a hole that they have in their noses."
Pg 71 Christopher Columbus
Source:
The log of Christopher Columbus
Translated by Robert H Fuson
Published by International Marine 1987
Dec 26 1492
"I ordered that a Lombard and a musket be fired, and the King was spell bound when he saw the effect of their force and what they penetrated. When the people heard the shots, they fell to their knees. They brought me a large mask, which had large pieces of gold in the ears and eyes and in other places, which the king himself presented to me. He placed this, along with other jewels of gold, on my head and around my neck. The king was delighted to see me happy and he understood that I desired a great deal of gold."
Pg 154 Christopher Columbus.
Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
"They have no iron or steel or arms and are not capable of using them."
Pg 117 Christopher Columbus
"In Conclusion, to speak only of the results of this very hasty voyage, their highness can see that I will give them as much gold as they require, if they will render me some very slight assistance; also I will give them all the spices and cotton they want, and as for mastic, which has so far been found only in Greece and the island of Chios and which the Genoese authorities have sold at their own price, I will also bring them as much aloes as they ask and as many slaves, who will be taken from the idolaters."
Pg 122 Christopher Columbus
"This second expedition was designed to relieve the men who had remained there, to settle more colonists and to conquer the island together with all the others that had been discovered and those that they hoped remained to be discovered."
Pg 127 Hernando Colon (Christopher Columbus's son)
The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493 (American Exploration & Travel Series, Vol 70) By Christopher Columbus
Translated by Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley
Published by University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London
Oct 11 1492
"They do not carry arms nor are they acquainted with them."
Pg 67 Christopher Columbus
Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
(Written letter by Dr Chanca to the city of Seville.)
"An incident of this time recorded by one of the admirals Italian lieutenants, Michele de Cuneo, throws additional light on the behavior to the Indians. While I was in the boat, I captured a very beautiful Carib woman, whom the said Lord Admiral gave to me. When I had taken her to my cabin she was naked as was their custom. I was filled with a desire to take my pleasure with her and attempted to satisfy my desire. She was unwilling, and so treated me with her nails that I wished I had never begun. But to cut a long story short I then took a piece of rope and whipped her soundly and she let forth such incredible screams that you would not have believed your ears. Eventually we came to such terms, I assure you, and that you would have thought she had been brought up in a school for whores."
Pg 139 Dr Chanca
Lies my Teacher told me about Christopher Columbus
By James Loewen
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
(Spanish Told Natives)
Source – From 500 Years of Indigenous and popular resistance campaign.
Guatemala committee for peasant unity. 1990.
"I implore you to recognize the church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King as lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not do it, I tell you that with the help of God I will enter powerfully against you all. I will make war everywhere and every way that I can. I will subject you to the yoke and obedience to the church and to his Majesty. I will take your women and children and make them slaves…The death and injuries that you will receive from here on will be your own fault and not that of his majesty nor of the gentlemen that accompany me."
(Sex slavery)
In 1500, "A hundred Castellanoes (Spanish Coin) are as easily obtained for a woman as for a farm, and it is very general and there are plenty of dealers who go about looking for girls, those from nine to ten are now in demand."
Pg 39 Christopher Columbus
Source:
Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
"As soon as I came to the Indies, at the first Island I discovered I seized some Natives, intending them to inquire and inform me about things in these parts."
Pg 118 Christopher Columbus
"In this island of Hispaniola I have taken possession of a large town which is most conveniently situated for the goldfields."
Pg 120 Christopher Columbus.
"When the infantry squadrons of both armies had attacked the mass of Indians, and they had begun to break under the fire of muskets and crossbows, the cavalry and hunting dogs charged wildly upon them to prevent them re-forming. The Indians fled like cowards in all directions, and our men pursued them, killing so many."
Pg 189 Hernando Colon ( Christopher Columbus’s son)
"The terms of the agreement set out in the next chapter (81) guarantee the return of Roldan and his followers to Castile in two ships to be provided by the Admiral. Their seaworthiness would be approved by competent sailors, and they were to depart from the port of Jaragua suitably stocked with provisions. The exact amounts of bread and flour were specified. The returning settlers were to be confirmed in all their possessions, including the slaves that had been granted them, and were to take back all woman pregnant by them and all their children."
Pg 249 Hernando Colon (Christopher Columbus’s son)
(Christopher Columbus is arrested and put in chains)
"Beginning of October arrested the Admiral and his brother Don Diego, sending them aboard ship where he put them in chains and under a strong guard, ordering that no one, under the severest penalties, should even speak of them."
Pg 263 Hernando Colon (Christopher Columbus’s son)
(Sex slavery)
"The cost of a woman is 100 Castellanos, the same as that of a farm. The trade is very common and there are now many merchants who go about looking for girls, some of ages nine or ten are now on demand, but whatever their age they command a good price."
Pg 271 Christopher Columbus
(Spain allows Columbus to sail on a fourth voyage, but is not allowed to be governor.) "In dealing with his crew he must think of them as royal servants and he must on NO account bring back slaves."
March 14 15022 written letter Majesties
(Spain takes away Columbus’s right to land ownership and Columbus is poor.) "I have not the money to pay the bill. Another sorrow tore at my very heart and that was grief for my son Don Diego, whom I had left an orphan in Spain, stripped of the honors and estates that should have been mine."
Pg 287 Christopher Columbus
(Sex slavery)
"On my arrival they sent me two magnificently attired girls, the elder of whom could not have been more than eleven and the other seven. Both were so shameless that they might have been whores."
Pg 297 Christopher Columbus
(Christopher Columbus asks for pardon)
"I beg your highness pardon. I am ruined, as I have said, till now I have wept for others. May heaven now have pity on me and earth weep for me of worldly possessions I have not even a farthing to offer for my spirits good."
Pg 303 Christopher Columbus
Source:
The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493 (American Exploration & Travel Series, Vol 70) By Christopher Columbus. Translated by Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley
Published by University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London
"These people are very gentle."
Pg 71 Christopher Columbus
"With 50 men all of them could be held in subjection and can be made to do whatever one might wish."
Pg 75 Christopher Columbus
Oct 22 1492
"For it is true that any little thing given to them, as well as our coming, they considered great marvels, and they believed that we had come from the heavens."
Pg 109 Christopher Columbus
Nov 6 1492
"The Indians touched them and kissed their hands and feet, marveling and believing that the Spaniards came from the heavens."
Pg 37 Christopher Columbus
Nov 12 1492
"They Natives are very gentle and do not know what evil is, nor do they kill others, nor steal, and they are without weapons and so timid that a hundred of them flee from one of our men."
Pg 143 Christopher Columbus
Dec 21 1492
"The admiral says, he cannot believe that any man has seen such good hearted people, so open in giving and so fearful that all of them out do themselves in order to give the Christians all that they have, and when the Christians arrive they run to bring everything."
Pg 57 Christopher Columbus
Jan 10 1493
"The Admiral says that martin alonso had made rules that half the gold that was gotten or battered for would be for him. And when he was to leave that place he took four Indian men and to young girls by force."
Pg 323 Christopher Columbus
Jan 13 1493
"Attack the Indians and they gave one Indian a great blow with a sword on the buttocks and another they wounded in the chest with a crossbow shot."
Pg 333 Christopher Columbus
Jan 14 1493
"He would have liked to send men tonight to look for the houses of those Indians to capture some of them."
Pg 335 Christopher Columbus
Source:
Rethinking Columbus
The Next 500 Years by Bill Bigelow and Bob Peterson
(Sex slavery)
In 1500, "A hundred Castellanoes (Spanish Coin) are as easily obtained for a woman as for a farm, and it is very general about there are plenty of dealers who go about looking for girls; those from the ages 9 and 10 are now in demand, and for all ages a good price must be paid."
Pg 102 Christopher Columbus
Source:
Encyclopedia of American Indian History Volume 1
By Bruce E Johansen and Barry M Pritzker
"The Spanish cut off the legs of children who ran from them. They poured people full of boiling soap. They made bets as to who, with one sweep of his sword could cut a person in half. They loosed dogs that devoured an Indian like a hog."
Pg 142
(Catholic Bishop and first-hand witness)
Lies my Teacher told me about Christopher Columbus
By James Loewen
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
"A boat could sail from the Bahamas to Haiti without a compass or chart, guiding itself solely by the Trail of the dead Indians who had been thrown from the ships."
Pg 38 Bartolome De las Casas
Source
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
By Bartolome De las Casas
Edited and Translated by Nigel Griffin
With and Introduction by Anthony Pagden
Published by Penguin Classics www.penguin.com
"The Natives are also among the poorest people on the face of the Earth, they own next to nothing and have no urge to acquire material possessions. As a result they are neither ambitious nor greedy and are totally uninterested in worldly power."
Pg 10 Bartolome De las Casas
"The Spaniards forced their way into Native settlements, slaughtering everyone they found there, including small children, old men, pregnant women, and even women who had just given birth. They hacked them to pieces, slicing open their bellies with their swords as though they were so many sheep herded into a pen. They even laid wagers on whether they could manage to slice a man in two at a stroke, or cut an individual’s head from his body, or disembowel him with a single blow of their axes. They grabbed suckling infants by the feet and, ripping them from their mothers breasts, dashed them headlong against the rocks."
Pg 15 Bartolome De las Casas
"All those who could do so took to the hills and mountains in order to escape the clutches of these merciless and inhuman butchers, these mortal enemies of human kind trained hunting dogs to track them down. Wild dogs who would savage a Native to death as soon as look at him, tearing him to shreds and devouring his flesh as though we were a pig."
Pg 16 Bartolome De las Casas
“They spared no one, erecting especially wide gibbets on which they could string their victims up with their feet just off the ground and then burn them alive.“
pg 16 Bartolome De las Casas
“Yet another member of the governor’s party galloped about cutting the legs off all the children as they law sprawling on the ground."
Pg 22 Bartolome De las Casas
“Indeed they invented so many new methods of murder that it would be quite impossible to set them all down on paper."
Pg 23 Bartolome De las Casas
"Not a single Native of the Island committed a capital offense, as defined in law, against the Spanish while all this time the Natives themselves were being savaged and murdered."
Pg 23 Bartolome De las Casas
"Both women and men were given only wild grass to eat and other unnutritions foodstuffs. The mothers of young children promptly saw their milk dry up."
Pg 24 Bartolome De las Casas
"During the three or four months I was there, more than seven thousand children died of hunger, after their parents had been shipped off to the mines."
Pg 30 Bartolome De las Casas
"A Spaniard who was out hunting deer or rabbits realized that his dogs were hungry and not finding anything they could hunt, took a little boy from his mother, cut his arms and legs into chunks with his knife and distributed them among his dogs."
Pg 74 Bartolome De las Casas
"He sent fifty men on horseback who proceeded to annihilate the entire population of an area greater than the county of Roussillon, sparing not a single man or woman, old man, or child, and this they did on the flimsiest of pretexts, accusing their victims of not coming quickly enough when they were summoned, or of not having brought enough cargas of maize or of not surrendering sufficient of their kinsmen as slaves either to the governor himself or to one or another of his henchmen. These men were driven by the Devil and not a single Native managed to escape, what with the land being as flat as it was and the Spaniards having horses."
Pg 37 Bartolome De las Casas
"They cut his head from his shoulders so they would not have to break the chains that held the line of prisoners together and his head would fall to one side of the baggage train and his trunk to the other."
Pg 38 Bartolome De las Casas
"After a day or two had gone by, several victims surfaced, soaked from head to foot in the blood of their fellows beneath whose bodies they had sheltered and, with tears in their eyes, pleaded for their lives, but the Spaniards showed them no mercy nor any compassion, and no sooner did they crawl out from under the pile of corpses than they were butchered. The Spanish commander gave orders that the leading citizens, who numbered over a hundred and were roped together, were to be tied to stakes set in the ground and burned alive. "
Pg 46 Bartolome De las Casas
"During these eleven years, more than two million souls have perished and, in an area of more than a hundred leagues by a hundred leagues, only two thousand survivors are to be seen, and even this number is shrinking day by day as the survivors succumb to the rigours of a life of slavery."
Pg 56 Bartolome De las Casas
"Once the Natives saw that their deep humility, generosity and submissiveness did nothing to soften the hearts of these ravening beasts, and that the Spaniards were prepared to hack them to pieces for absolutely no reason whatever, they decided that although they stood no chance of defeating ferocious enemies who were on horseback and were armed to the teeth, they might as well die as men in defense of their homes, avenging themselves on their wicked and hellish enemies, even though they were well aware that, weak as they were, on foot and unarmed, they were doomed to die whatever they did."
Pg 58 Bartolome De las Casas
"The Spanish captain, meanwhile requested the local dignitaries to bring him large quantities of gold, this being the main object of the expedition."
Pg 60 Bartolome De las Casas
"One of his officers was responsible for the indiscriminate slaughter of many locals, hanging some, burning others alive, and throwing yet others to wild dogs, sometimes sawing off their hands and feet, sometimes pulling out their tongues or hacking off their heads. Even though the locals never raised a finger against the Spaniards, the distinguished commander knowingly allowed this spate of atrocities to continue unchecked, directed as it was to terrorizing the local people into doing his bidding and into brining him gifts of Gold or other precious objects."
Pg 60 Bartolome De las Casas
"A man would be invited to choose from among the fifty or a hundred young girls the one he most fancied and she would then be handed over in exchange for wine or oil or vinegar, or for a side of salt pork."
Pg 70 Bartolome De las Casas
"One woman, who was indisposed at the time and so not able to make good her escape, determined that the dogs should not tear her to pieces as they has done her neighbors and, taking a rope, and trying her one-year-old child to her leg, hanged herself from a beam. Yet she was not in time to prevent the dogs from ripping the infant to pieces."
Pg 73 Bartolome De las Casas
"I testify that I saw with my own eyes Spaniards cutting off the hands, noses, and ears of local people, both men and women, simply for the fun of it, and that this happened time and again in various places through the region. On several occasions I also saw them set dogs on the people, many being torn to pieces in this fashion, and they also burned down houses and even whole settlements, too numerous to count."
Pg 112 Bartolome De las Casas
"They tortured him with the strappado, put burning tallow on his belly, pinned both his legs to poles with iron hoops and his neck with another and then, with two men holding his hands, proceeded to burn the soles of his feet. From time to time, the commander would look in and repeat that they would torture him to death slowly unless he produced more Gold."
Pg 117 Bartolome De las Casas
"I Bartolome de las casas, or casaus, a brother in the Dominican order was by the Grace of God, persuaded by a number of people here at the Spanish court, out of their concern for the Christian faith and their compassion towards the afflictions and calamities that be fall their fellow men, to write the work you have before you in order to help ensure that the teeming millions in the New World, for those sins Christ gave his life, do not continue to die in ignorance, but rather are brought to knowledge of God and thereby saved."
Pg 127 Bartolome De las Casas
Source
In Defense of the Indians: The Defense of the Most Reverened Lord, Don Fray Bartolome De Las Casas, of the order of Preachers, Late Bishops of Chiapa, Against the persecutors and Slanderers of the Peoples of the New World Discovered Across the Seas.
By Bartolome De Las Casas
Translated and edited by Stafford Poole
Published by Northern Illinois University Press
"Such inhumanities and Barbarisms were committed in my sight as no age can parallel. My eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature that I now tremble as I write."
Bartolome De Las Casas
Source:
Lies my teacher told me:
Everything your American History Text book got wrong.
By James W Loewen.
“What we committed in the Indies stands out among the most unpardonable offenses ever committed against God and mankind, and this trade as one of the most unjust Evil and cruel among them."
Pg 31 Bartolome De las Casas.
Columbus Day Timeline
1792:
The first celebration commemorating Christopher Columbus's landing in the New World takes place in New York City on the 300th anniversary of his arrival. It was organized by the Society of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, widely known as Tammany Hall.
1860s:
Italian immigrants in New York (1866) and in San Francisco (1869) commemorate Columbus Day as a celebration of their ethnic heritage. The celebration of Columbus an Italian who sailed under the Spanish flag--remained a celebration limited to the Italian community for many decades. Most Americans viewed their history as stemming from Britain, and did not identify with earlier explorations of the New World.
1892:
President Benjamin Harrison issues a presidential proclamation on the 400th anniversary of Columbus' first voyage, urging Americans to commemorate the day as a holiday. The Pledge of Allegiance is recited publicly for the first time during the celebration.
1905:
Colorado becomes the first state to officially observe the holiday.
1937:
President Franklin Roosevelt proclaims Oct. 12 as Columbus Day.
1968:
President Lyndon B. Johnson declares Columbus Day a federal public holiday, to be celebrated on the second Monday in October, rather than on Oct. 12. The new Uniform Monday Holiday Act goes into effect in 1971.
1980s:
Historians, activists, and American First Nations question Columbus's status as an icon in American history, rejecting the Eurocentric view that Columbus "discovered" America the land had been populated by native peoples for millennia.
Update:
Cities that have renamed Columbus Day
Christopher Columbus
Some interesting facts
- Christopher Columbus (c). 1450-51 May 20, 1506) is believed to have been born in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. However, DNA analysis in 2024 found that Columbus was actually of Spanish descent, not Italian. (References:
Fox News, CNN, Reuters).
- Columbus mother was Susanna Fontanarossa, the daughter of a wool merchant. He had three brothers: Bartolomeo, Giovanni Pellegrino, and Giacomo. He also had a sister, Bianchinetta. Columbus was the oldest.
- Christopher Columbus's family was a member of a very small and lucky group during the Middle Ages: the middle class. Most people were extremely poor (the peasants), and a few were very rich (the nobility).
- Columbus had two sons by two different women. Diego Columbus (1480-1526) and Fernando (1488-1539).
- It was in Portugal that Columbus married Felipa Perestrelo and had his first son, Diego, in about 1480. And it was after his wife died (some scholars say he simply left her) that Columbus moved to Spain and had his second son out of wedlock, Fernando, in 1488 with a 20-year-old orphan named Beatriz Enriíquez de Arana. (a)
- Columbus never married his mistress Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, most likely because she was not of noble blood. For someone as status conscious as Columbus, a wife who could not appear in royal court was unthinkable. (a)
- Both of Christopher Columbus's sons served as pages to Prince Juan, the son of Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. (f)
- When Columbus was 14, he left school and his father's wool workshop to apprentice himself to a merchant on a trading ship.
- When he was only 19, in 1470, Columbus took his first long voyage on one of his employer's ships to the island of Chios in the Aegean Sea. It was probably on this trip and a second trip to Chios in 1475 that he learned how to navigate and steer a ship on open water on a long voyage.
- Columbus spoke frequently about his desire to spread Christianity to heathen cultures, which was a popular cause during the time. Converting people also meant European governments could control them.
- As a young man, Columbus was tall, well above the 5 7 that was average for men in the Middle Ages. He had pale skin that burned easily in the sun. He had a hooked nose, pale blue eyes, and red-blond hair that turned completely white by the time he was in his 30s.
- Columbus operated a little mapmaking and bookselling shop with his brother Bartolomeo while he lived in Portugal.
- During Columbus time, most people believed that the world was formed mainly of one giant landmass consisting of Europe, Asia, and Africa mainly because these are the only continents mentioned in the Bible. These were surrounded by one enormous body of water they called the Ocean Sea.
- Some scholars speculate that Columbus may have received secret information from a close friend about lands far west across the ocean. This sailor is sometimes called the Unknown Pilot. Present historians havent found any evidence of him except for what is written by some early Columbus biographers.
- Columbus first landed in the Bahamas near the coast of what is today known as Watling Island. Although he thought he was near China, Japan, and India, he was actually more than 8,000 miles away.
- When Columbus arrived, all the Caribbean islands, including the Bahamas, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba were already settled by a group of peaceful people called the Tainos.
- When Columbus landed in the New World, he believed that he had reached the Indies; thus, he thought the people he met were Indians. And even though more than 500 years have passed since that voyage, the native people of the Americas are still often referred to as Indians.
- Before Columbus was a famous admiral and governor of the New World, he was a pirate, or Privateer, who helped attack Moorish merchant trips. (Reference not provided by AbolishColumbusDay.com, please verify this information before using)
- Columbus believed God had called him to make his voyages. (b)
- Later in his life, for reasons unknown, Columbus wore a plain Franciscan habit everywhere he went.
- Later in his life, Columbus began to write a bizarre book titled Book of Prophecies. In this book, he insisted that all his voyages had been divine missions directed by God. He believed the world was coming to an end and that he, Columbus, was bringing it about.
- Near the end of his life, Columbus wrote a book called Book of Privileges that listed all the promises the Spanish crown had made to him over the years and the ways the crown had not honored these promises.
- During his fourth voyage, Columbus was in intense pain. His eyes bled regularly, which left him blind for long periods of time. He could barely sit or stand due to the pain in his joints. Many historians believe he was suffering from Reiters Syndrome, which causes diarrhea and inflammation in the joints, eyes, and bladder.
- Before he died, Columbus began requesting a new sort of voyage: a Christian crusade to Jerusalem to rescue it from the Muslims.
- On May 20, 1506, at the age of 55, Columbus died at the court in Valladolid, Spain. His death went mostly unnoticed. In fact, the official court registry did not even record his passing until 10 days later. However, in the years and decades after his death, much of his fame and glory were returned to him. (b)
- Columbus is often referred to as the Father of the New World. (a)
- Columbus was not the first European to sail across the Atlantic Ocean. Some 500 years earlier, Norse Viking Leif Eriksson is believed to have landed in present-day Newfoundland, around A.D. 1000. Some historians believe that Ireland's Saint Bernard or other Celtic people crossed the Atlantic even before Eriksson. (d)
- When Columbus saw the Orinoco River empty into the Atlantic off of northern South America during his third voyage, he thought he had found the Garden of Eden. (a)
- Columbus is considered one of the best dead reckoning sailors who ever walked the planet. (a)
- Columbus was inspired by a letter by Italian scholar Paolo Toscanelli to find Asia through a western sea. He believed sailing west would be a faster way of getting to India. (b)
- Columbus was a talented admiral, but he was also a slave trader. While he soon discovered that the new lands did not hold silver, pearls, and other treasures, they did hold people, whom Columbus viewed as valuable resources. He instigated the slave trade. (b)
- When Columbus returned to Spain with natives/slaves, Queen Isabella believed they were her subjects and, therefore, could not be enslaved unless they refused to be converted. However, during the Colonial era, the Spaniards enslaved them all the time. (b)
- Until the day he died, Columbus believed he had found a new passage to India. To justify his position, he proposed that the Earth was actually shaped like a pear, which made him the laughingstock of Europe. (b)
- Many countries in Europe and in the New World celebrate Christopher Columbus arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492. In the United States, October 12 is called Columbus Day; in Latin America, it is Dia de la Raza (d)ay of the Race), in the Bahamas, it is Discovery Day; in Argentina, it is Dia del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural (d)ay of Respect for Cultural Diversity); and in Belize and Uruguay, it is Dia de las Americas (d)ay of the Americas). (a)
- Though Columbus Day had been celebrated unofficially since Colonial days, it became an official holiday first in Colorado in 1906 and a federal holiday in 1937. In 1970, the holiday was moved to the second Monday of October. (b)
- Columbus has been viewed as an intrepid explorer, a monster, and a slave trader who unleashed horrors and conquest upon unsuspecting natives. However, scholars note he had both admirable qualities and negative ones: He was ambitious, but also a very flawed human being. (a)
- Professional Historians and activists have sought to abolish Columbus Day since at least the 19th century because of the many historical inaccuracies about the voyages of Christopher Columbus in which defeats the purpose to honor him.
- In Berkeley, California, Columbus Day was replaced with Indigenous People's Day in 1992. (b)
- Christopher Columbus did not discover America. Humans had lived in the Americas for at least 20,000 years. By the time Columbus arrived, the Americas were already populated by several empires and hundreds of small nations. (a)
- Christopher Columbus introduced horses into the New World. They later spread to the mainland and became essential to the Plains Indians. (a)
- After the destruction of the La Navidad garrison, Columbus created a new colony named Isabella (a)fter the queen) 75 miles away. Over the next three years, it would be the center of the most horrific destruction and bloodshed the land had ever seen. (f)
- Columbus and his men destroyed the island's natural, delicate ecosystem. His ships brought sugar cane, wheat, olives, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, dates, cucumbers, lettuce, melons, and grapes. These new species grew and spread, overwhelming the native plants that had lived on the continent for hundreds of thousands of years. (a)
- The Europeans and the native Tainos traded two things that would shape cultures for the remainder of history: tobacco and horses. Sailors brought back tobacco to Europe, and the first European nicotine addicts were soon created. (f)
- Columbus was intensely interested in gold, so he imposed a gold tribute system. Every Taino adult would supply a certain quota of gold dust on a regular schedule. If they did, they were given a token to wear around their necks. If they did not, they had a hand chopped off. (a)
- Because Columbus destroyed the native population of Haiti (the Taino Indians), he began shipping African slaves to the island. This move has had consequences reaching into modern day. (b)
- The Taino population was completely extinct within 50 years of the Europeans first landfall. This was due to murder and desperate suicides, as well as a declining birth rate. However, disease was the most devastating factor in their demise. Columbus and the Spaniards unleashed a deadly cargo of dysentery, tuberculosis, and influenza. Settlers wrote home about the unbearable stench of rotting bodies that filled the air. (b)
- During his third voyage, Columbus became the first European to see the coast of South America. (a)
- Columbus died believing that he had found Asia. However, the closest Columbus ever came to Asia was when he went on a voyage to the island of Khios in modern day Greece when he was a teenager. (b)
- Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain, in the years 1492, 1493, 1498, and 1502. His goal: to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia. He never found the route. He reached the Caribbean Islands, South America, and Central America. (e)
- In 1500, a royal commissioner was dispatched to Hispaniola to arrest Christopher Columbus and his brothers. They were brought back to Spain in chains under accusations of mismanagement of the colony. Although Columbus was never allowed to govern again, he was granted his freedom. (e)
- In 1504, Columbus was stuck in Jamaica with angry islanders who would not give him food. Knowing that a lunar eclipse was going to happen, Columbus told the islanders that his gods were angry for refusing him food. After the eclipse, the scared islanders gave Columbus plenty of food and begged for mercy. (e)
- Christopher Columbus remains have been transported between the Old and New Worlds so many times that many historians believe that his remains are scattered in both worlds. (e)
- Columbus heirs were engaged in a legal battle with the Spanish monarchy until 1790 (nearly 300 years after his death). They argued that the monarchy did not give them the money or profits due the explorer. (e)
- Christopher Columbus lived during the Age of Discovery, a time between the 15th and 16th centuries when several European nations went exploring to search for wealth and lands. (c)
- Columbus first voyage into the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 almost cost him his life. French privateers off the coast of Portugal attacked the commercial fleet he was on. His shipped was burned and he had to swim to the Portuguese shore with the aid of a piece of driftwood. (c)
- While the Santa Maria was the official flagship, Columbus frequently complained about its clumsiness and slowness. His favorite ship was the Nina, which was swifter and smaller. (b)
- The crew of the first voyage consisted of 24 men for the Nina, 26 for the Pinta, and 40 for the Santa Maria. Most were common sailors, and no women were allowed. There was also a secretary and an interpreter who spoke Arabic so that they could communicate with Ghengis Kahn when they reached the East. (b)
- During the voyage, every person including Columbus had lice. Fleas and rats were everywhere. There was no plumbing and the ships were filthy. The first voyage took about 43 days. (b)
- The sailor's clothes on Columbus ships were extremely filthy. Everyone wore the same set of clothes they had when they left Europe until they returned to Europe. All crewmembers wore leggings, a woolen smock with a hood to protect salt spray, and a red cap called a gorro. And everyone went barefoot. (a)
- On his first voyage, Columbus kept two log books to avoid mutiny. In one log book, he recorded the actual distance the ships traveled each day. This book was only for him. In the second book, he recorded fake numbers, reducing the daily distance by many miles. (a)
- Christopher Columbus isn't the explorer's birth name; rather, it is Anglicization of his real name Cristoforo Colombo. His name has been changed in other countries as well: in Spanish it is Cristóbal Colón, and in Swedish it is Kristoffer Kolumbus. (b)
- When King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella initially hesitated to fund Columbus exploration, a priest named Father Perez interceded and said that if Columbus succeeded, he would be able to convert heathen races to Christianity. In 1492, they finally give Columbus the funds and the ships. (f)
- Columbus was not interested in proving the Earth was round. By Columbus time, most people knew this fact thanks to the ancient Greeks, specifically the Greek mathematician Pythagoras, who lived in the 6th century B.C., and later Aristotle, who backed him up with astronomical observations. (a)
- Three countries refused to fund Columbus voyage: Portugal, England, and France. They refused because they thought he was a crackpot. They told him the Earth was much larger than he had calculated. In fact, they were right. (a)
- The first sailor in Columbus crew to see land (on October 12, 1492) was named Rodrigo de Triana. It was a small island in the present-day Bahamas named San Salvador. (a)
- Some historians believe that Muslims came to the Americas in the 700s, several hundred years before Christopher Columbus. In fact, Columbus used maps created by Muslim explorers. (d)
- Not all of Columbus's voyages were successful; in fact, half of them ended in disaster. On his first voyage (1492), his fully outfitted flagship ran aground and sank. On his fourth trip, his ship rotted away and he spent a year with his men marooned on Jamaica. (f)
- A section from Columbus logbook notes that the natives would make fine servants. He wrote that with 50 men we could subjugate them and make them do whatever we want. He later wrote, Let us in the name of the Holy Trinity go on sending all the slaves that can be sold. (a)
- While Columbus was not the first to discover America, nor the first European to visit the New World (Viking explorers had sailed to Greenland and Newfoundland in the 11th century), he did initiate centuries of exploration and exploitation of the American continents. (b)
- One reason Columbus estimated the distance around the Earth shorter than other navigators is that he had read Arab maps. As he read the maps, he used a shorter distance for a mile than the Arab map makers had used, causing him to estimate the circumference as being one-fourth less than the actual number of miles. Additionally, Marco Polo's book, which Columbus relied on, estimated China as much larger than it really was, which also shrank the distance from Europe to Asia. (a)
- Skeletal evidence suggests Columbus and his crew brought back syphilis (an STD) to the Old World. As one of the first global diseases, it devastated Europe. (b)
- Post-Columbian diseases killed 35 million people during the subsequent 50 year after Columbus's arrival in the New World.
- Columbus never set foot on the mainland of North America. (a)
References:
a) Berne, Emma Carlson. 2008. Christopher Columbus: The Voyage That Changed the World. New York, NY: Sterling.
b) Chrisp, Peter. 2001. Christopher Columbus: Explorer of the New World. NY, New York: Dorling Kindersley.
c) Christopher Columbus. History.com. 2014. Accessed: January 27, 2014.
d) Fachner, Rebecca. Did Muslims Visit America before Columbus? History News Network. 2014. Accessed: January 27, 2014.
e) Klein, Christopher. 10 Things You May Not Know about Christopher Columbus. October 5, 2012. Accessed: January 27, 2014.
f) Molzahn, Arlene Bourgeois. 2003. Christopher Columbus: Famous Explorer. Berkeley Heights: NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc.
Videos
(Some of these videos are a bit dated, and hosted by Archive.org.
For more recent videos, visit
RenameColumbusday.org)
Video 1 (5 mins)
Thom Hartmann's video titled Happy Indigenous People's Day... the truth on Columbus Day explains the real Christopher Columbus and why the United States of America should Abolish Columbus Day.
Video 2 (12 mins)
Explains about the First Nation American Holocaust and the expansion westward. Please read the important book called "Lies my Teacher Told Me about Christopher Columbus" written by James W Loewen and published by TheNewPress.com
Video 3 (broken)
One of the main reasons many people want to Abolish Columbus Day is that there are lots of historical inaccuracies of Christopher Columbus's accomplishments that are being honored.
Video 4 (25 mins)
Catholic First Nation healing Mass. Many pray to Saint Kateri Tekakwitha to abolish Columbus Day.
It is important to separate the Catholic faith from any barbaric individual behavior such as Christopher Columbus and his men.
Individuals that perform acts of evil do not represent the reality of Jesus and the Catholic faith. We are called to pray for those that have chosen to do evil acts.
Video 5 (9 mins)
United States Apologizes to the First Nations.
Video 6 (6 mins)
Floyd Red Crow Westerman speaks of Native American Prophecy
Video 7 (54 mins)
This video called "America's Great Indian Leaders" is a Full Documentary that was created by Questar Entertainment allows the viewer to witness the challenges of the First Nation leaders.
Video 8
First Nation Massacre in California killed thousands of people.
California passed laws to encourage extermination of the Indian families.Genocide does NOT just include disease.
Video 9
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Books
Important source books about Christopher Columbus
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
By Bartolome De las Casas
Translated by Nigel Griffin
Published by Penguin Classics www.penguin.com
A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies
By Bartolome De Las Casas
The Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus, J. M. Cohen (Translator) Published by Penguin Classics www.penguin.com
→ Columbus's Own Log-Book, Letters and Dispatches with Connecting Narratives
Four Voyages
By Christopher Columbus
Published by www.snowballpublishing.com 2013
Lies my Teacher Told Me about Christopher Columbus
What your History books Got Wrong
By James W Loewen
Published by www.TheNewPress.com
The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493
American Exploration & Travel Series, Vol 70
By Christopher Columbus
Translated by Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley
Published by University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London
In Defense of the Indians : The Defense of the Most Reverened Lord, Don Fray Bartolome De Las Casas, of the order of Preachers, Late Bishops of Chiapa, Against the persecutors and Slanderers of the Peoples of the New World Discovered Across the Seas.
By Bartolome De Las Casas
Translated and edited by Stafford Poole
Published by Northern Illinois University Press
Complete Idiot's Guide to Native American History
By Walter C Fleming and published by Penguin Group
Native American History for Dummies
By Dorothy Lippert
Take Action
You can make a difference in your Local, State, and National community! Abolish honoring murder, rape, slavery, torture, and genocide. The most important is public education!
Recommended #1: Contact your local city and/or county elected officials, or local school administration, to make a resolution to celebrate Indigenous Peoples Day on the second Monday of October every year.
Visit
RenameColumbusDay.org for templates.
Recommended #2: Write to your Federal Congressman
http://www.house.gov/representatives/find/
Recommended #3: Write to your Federal Senator
http://www.senate.gov/
Maybe #4: Write to your State Governor (if your state has not replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day)
http://www.usa.gov/Contact/Governors.shtml
Maybe #5: Write to your state legislature (if your state has not replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day)
http://www.usa.gov/Agencies.shtml
Write a letter to the United Nations
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 917 9220
E-mail InfoDesk@ohchr.org
Write a letter to the President of the United States
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Contact religious organizations and churches to abolish Columbus Day.
Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions
Telephone 312-629-2990
70 East Lake Street, Suite 205
Chicago, IL 60601 USA
www.parliamentofreligions.org
The World Council of Religious Leaders
Headquarters
Empire State Building
350 Fifth Avenue, 59th Floor
New York, NY 10118, USA
(212) 967 2891
Email. hq@wcorl.org
Write a letter to the Vatican
His Holiness, the Pope
Apostolic Palace
00120 Vatican City
Write a letter to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
www.usccb.org
(202) 541-3000
3211 4th St NE,
Washington, DC 20017
Write a letter to your Catholic Diocese
http://www.usccb.org/about/bishops-and-dioceses/all-dioceses.cfm
Write a letter to the Mormon Salt Lake Temple
Attn: The Prophet
47 East South Temple
Salt Lake City Utah 84150
Write a letter to the Lutheran Church
Attn: The President
1-888-843-5267
Infocenter@LCMS.org
Lutheran International Center
1333 South Kirkwood Road
Kirkwood MO 63122
Write a letter to The Episcopal Church
815 Second Avenue
New York, NY 10017
212-716-6000 or 800-334-7626
Get involved with organizations:
United Indians of all Tribes Foundation
www.unitedindians.org
Native American Rights Fund
www.NARF.org
National Congress of American Indians
www.NCAI.org
American Civil Liberties Union
www.aclu.org
International Indian Treaty Council
www.iitc.org
American Indian Movement
www.aimovement.org
Wikipedia list of Federally Recognized Tribes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_by_state
BIA Tribal Directory
http://www.bia.gov/WhoWeAre/BIA/OIS/TribalGovernmentServices/TribalDirectory/
US Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
BIA website
www.bia.gov
United Nations International Day of the Worlds Indigenous Peoples Aug 9.
http://www.un.org/en/events/indigenousday/
Native American Heritage Month
www.nativeamericanheritagemonth.gov
Native American Technology Corporation
www.natechcorp.com
Native American Development Corporation
www.nadc-nabn.org
First Nation Powwows
www.powwows.com
First Nation Colleges
www.bie.edu
American Indian Heritage Foundation
www.indians.org
American Indian Enterprise Development
www.ncaied.org
National Indian Gaming Association
www.indiangaming.org
First Nations Technology Council
www.technologycouncil.ca
First Nations Development Institute
www.firstnations.org
Indian Health Service
www.ihs.gov
North American Indigenous Ministries
www.NAIM.ca
United National Tribal Youth
www.unityinc.org
Black and Indian Mission
www.blackandindianmission.org
The Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
www.atnitribes.org